Abstract
Theoretically, there are at least four ways of forming the C6 C3 —C6 flavonoid skeleton from simple starting materials, but only two have achieved importance for the laboratory synthesis (Geissman, 1962, p. 409): (1) Condensation of a C6C2 unit (2-hydroxyacetophenone) with a C6C! unit (aromatic aldehyde) according to scheme A; and (1i) Acylation of phenols (C6 unit) with a cinnamic acid derivative or its equivalent (C6C3 unit) according to scheme B (Geissman, 1962, p. 409), which also corresponds to the biosynthetic pathway (Fig. 4.1). In addition, many flavonoids can be prepared by modifying existing C1 5 structures by oxidation, reduction, isomerization, partial O- and C-alkylation, dealkylation, selective glycosylation or partial hydrolysis.
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