Synthesis of Fe 3+ doped TiO 2 photocatalysts for the visible assisted degradation of an azo dye

Abstract

The nano-sized, Fe 3+ doped TiO 2 photocatalyst was successfully prepared by a simple wet impregnation method with an attempt to extend the light absorption of TiO 2 into the visible region and reduce the rapid recombination of electrons and holes. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the crystallite size of the as prepared Fe–TiO 2 particles is in the nano regime and indicated that Fe 3+ was substituted for Ti 4+ in the lattice of TiO 2. The photocatalytic activities of the samples were evaluated for the degradation of an azo dye, acid red 88 in aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation. It was observed that the photocatalytic degradation of acid red under visible light irradiation in the presence of Fe 3+ doped TiO 2 (1.8 g/L) followed pseudo-first order reaction kinetics with a rate constant of 5.24 × 10 −4 s −1. Significant enhancement in the photodegradation rate was observed upon the addition of electron acceptors (peroxomonosulphate (PMS), peroxodisulphate (PDS) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)) to the reaction medium. The extent of photocatalytic mineralization of the target pollutant and the degradation products were analyzed by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS).