Synthesis of defects and TiO2 co-enhanced Li4Ti5O12 by a simple solid-state method as advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

High performance and low process cost are two contradictory issues, which limited the commercial application of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). Here, defects and TiO2 co-enhanced LTO have been synthesized by a simple solid-state method. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-synthesized samples were characterized. The results show that the uniform nanoparticles with spinel structure contained defects and TiO2. Defects and TiO2 co-enhanced LTO shows outstanding reversible discharge capacity of 168.2 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 500 cycles. Further, it presents a stability discharge ability of 155 mAh g−1 at 55 °C at 1 C after 500 cycles. The advanced electrochemical performance could be attributed to the defects and TiO2 in LTO, which enhance conductivity and produce rich reaction interface, facilitating Li+ ion diffusion kinetics. The as-synthesized LTO shows high performance in conjunction with low process cost.