Abstract
The incorporation of copper into pyroxene structure was investigated through the melt quenching technique and one-step crystallization procedure. Two series of glasses have been studied, one set with Ca=Mg and another set with Ca>Mg in diopside formula Cux(Ca Mg)2-xSi2O6. The glasses were nucleated by TiO2, Cr2O3, or CaF2 additions as nucleating agents to variably control the phases produced. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize the obtained samples. The heat treatment studied at 700, 800, 900 and 1000 °C for 2 h produced green and dark green glasses based on Cu-containing diopside. Various crystalline wollastonite, cuprite, tenorite, cristobalite, quartz, and fluorite phases were developed with different ratios combined with diopside formation depending on the heat treatment and nucleating agents used. As the heat treatment increased in temperature, the crystallized fraction increased with the development of nano-aggregates and the observed reticulated textures confirmed a radical change in the euhedral crystals. This emphasizes that the Cu-containing diopside can be created by a facile one step process. These compositions may find some applications in biological and optical fields.
Highlights
Well-known copper-containing minerals are layered silicate cuprorivaite, CaCu[Si4O10] [1] and syntheticCu-bearing chain silicates including Na,Cu3[Si4O12][2], Na4Cu2[Si8O20] [3], [CuMg[Si206] [4], andCaBa3Cu[Si6O17] [5]
Diopside (CaMgSi2O6), cuprite (Cu2O), tenorite (CuO), wollastonite (CaSiO3), cristobalite (SiO2) and fluorite (CaF2) crystals were developed. The crystallization of these glasses depends on both the CaO/MgO ratio and the heattreatment schedule. 2.1 Crystallization of Cu0.50Ca0.75Mg0.75Si2O6 glass Crystallization of such glasses is based on the nominal substitution of Cu0.50 for both Ca0.25 and Mg 0.25 in the diopside formula MgCaSi2O6
The X-ray diffraction analysis of the heat-treated glasses at 700 °C showed the formation of cuprite Cu2O, JCPDS card 77-199 [28], as a single phase in G1T and G1F samples, but jointly with cristobalite and quartz in the parent G1 sample
Summary
Well-known copper-containing minerals are layered silicate cuprorivaite, CaCu[Si4O10] [1] and synthetic. In this study we adding titanium, yttrium and fluoride on the crystal chose a higher amount of copper to verify the structure and sinterability of diopside for its medical possibility to enclose it in a silicate crystalline and bio-glass applications is reported [21]. Substitution of Cu+, (or even Ca2+), for Na+ in K-fluor-richterite structure was reported [24] Another case of glass-ceramics is that processes, chromium oxide (Cr2O3), titanium oxide (TiO2) or calcium fluoride (CaF2) (all purchased from Sigma Aldrich) were added separately in amount of containing cuprite, Cu2O. This type of crystal provides a favorable situation for ionic conduction due to the. Before SEM observation, all specimens were coated with a thin film of graphitic carbon
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