Synthesis of condensed phosphates of mono- and poly-valent metals, development of optimal methods for study of their properties and composition

Abstract

Synthesis of condensed phosphates of mono- and polyvalent metals, development of optimal methods for study of their properties and composition. / M. Avaliani, G. Todradze, E. Shapakidze, V. Kveselava. / Nano Studies. – 2020. – # 20. – pp. 71-94. – geo. Work is a review and concern phosphorus and its various inorganic compounds, namely on first time synthesized by authors a number of condensed composites. Production of condensed compounds is based on high temperature (100 – 600 °C) synthesis in multi-component systems MI2O–MIII2O3–P2O5–Н2O (where MI – Ag and MIII – Ga and In) to receive new condensed compounds – inorganic polymers. The technology is based on the creation of new condensed forms – double inorganic oligomers, cyclic compounds and long chain polymeric composites via condensation of polyphosphosphoric acids. The problem that is solved through this work is the synthesis of a new, yet unknown double-condensed oligo-, poly- and cyclophosphates, analyzing their structure and composition, and the examination of properties. Over the last few years, numerous researchers has been paying serious attention to the careful synthesis and investigation of condensed phosphates – so-called inorganic polymers. It was possible afterward remarkable development of different fields of new technologies, as well as expanding the research area of nanotechnology and fundamental general researches. The study and analysis of the scientific literature both published online or printed were carried out. By analyzing the crystallization conditions and properties of polymers, the synthesis of new inorganic polymers with targeted properties will be possible, as well as identification of the optimal regimes for formation of monocrystals and in some cases – nanocomposites. To determine the composition of synthesized double condensed compounds, chemical analysis of these compounds has been conducted. The chemical analysis of these compounds has been compared to the existing methods of chemical researches and the optimal methods for determining phosphorus, mono- and trivalent metals in condensed compounds. During experiments, we synthesized scandium–silver, gallium–silver, indium–silver double cyclo-tetraphosphates and numerous condensed phosphates of trivalent and alkali metals’. With the synthesis of the obtained polymers and the analyzing of the crystallization conditions we can: enhance the fundamental research and create a database in an inorganic chemistry of polymer compounds, find parallels with other poly- and monovalent metals’ compounds. We determined: some inorganic oligomers and polymers can be used in practice whether they are new technology materials, binder and cementing compounds, fertilizers, or the ion exchange and substances with catalytic activity. Fig. 13, Tab. 10, Ref. 37.