Abstract
A novel nitrogen-doped biochar embedded with cobalt (Co-NB) was fabricated via pyrolysis of glucose pretreated with melamine (N donor) and Co(II). The Co-NB showed high catalytic capability by converting p-nitrophenol (PNP) into p-aminophenol (PAP) by NaBH4. The analyses of FE-SEM, TEM, BET, XRD, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy XPS of the Co-NB showed hierarchical porous structure (BET 326.5m2g−1 and pore volume: 0.2403cm3g−1) with well-dispersed Co nanoparticles (20–60nm) on the N-doped graphitic biochar surface. The Co-NB showed higher PNP reduction capability compared to the Co-biochar without N-doping, achieving 94.3% removal within 4min at 0.24gL−1 catalyst dose and initial concentration of 0.35mM PNP. Further conversion experiments under varying environmental conditions (e.g., NaBH4 concentration (7.5–30mM), biochar dosage (0.12–1.0gL−1), initial PNP concentration (0.08–0.17mM)) were conducted in batch mode. The reusability of Co-NB was validated by the repetitive conversion experiments (5cycles). The overall results demonstrated biochar potential as catalysts for environmental applications if properly designed.
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