Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been used in a number of non-medical products over the years. The therapeutic application of these nanoparticles has mainly been due to their oxidative stress ameliorating abilities. Their enzyme-mimetic catalytic ability to change between the Ce3+ and Ce4+ species makes them ideal for a role as free-radical scavengers for systemic diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we look at various methods of synthesis (including the use of stabilizing/capping agents and precursors), and how the synthesis method affects the physicochemical properties, their behavior in biological environments, their catalytic abilities as well as their reported toxicity.
Highlights
During the latter years of the 1960s, scientists dedicated to miniaturized delivery systems introduced nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and vaccines [1]
There are studies that show that the resultant properties such as pro/antioxidant and toxicity of cerium oxide are mainly dependent on synthesis conditions such as pH, temperature, and method of synthesis which confer behavior-altering physicochemical properties such as size/agglomeration, morphology, surface chemistry, and zeta potential [22,23,24,25]
The results suggested that the application of surfactants in the synthesis process yielded cerium oxide nanoparticles with high surface area compared to the surfactant-free synthesis
Summary
During the latter years of the 1960s, scientists dedicated to miniaturized delivery systems introduced nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems and vaccines [1]. The nanoscale form, cerium oxide nanoparticles retain the fluorite structure with oxygen deficiencies. The (111) and the (100) possess the o-terminal endings, while the (110) arrangement exposes the Ce center and the O ions [5,6] These properties enable these nanoparticles to be very useful in industrial applications such as the removal of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitric oxide species from the exhaust gas. SThoef tchateaslaesen-manimoipckainrtgicalcetsivietimespwloeyreedmetahseurpedulbsyedthee leadcdtritoionneovfaporation hydrogen peroxide to the cerium oxide nanoparticle (CNP) suspension and was measured at the 380 as the metnhmodabsoofrpstyionnt.hVeasziisr.ovTahnde ccoawtaolrakseers-msuigmgeisctkedintghaat csutirvfaicteiedsowpinegreofmmeeatsalusroendtobtyhethCeNPasddition of hydrogen ipncerreoasxeisdtehetoCet3h+/eCec4+eraiutiomanodxitdhee nnuamnboepr aorftivcalcean(cCieNs oPn) tshuesnpaennospiaortniclaensdurfwacaes[1m6].eaTshuisred at the 380 nm abcsoonrspeqtuioennt.lyVinaczrieraosevs athnedpociontws oofriknteerrsacstiuongganedstreeadcttihonatonsuthrefsaucrefadceospoifnthge onafnmopeatratilcsleos.nTthoe the CNPs increases tchatealaCsee-3l+ik/eCaect4i+vitrieastiaoreadnepdentdheentnounmthbe eCre4+offravctaiocna.nAcisetusdoynasstehsesednathneocpataalratsiec-lleikesuacrtfivaictiees[16].
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