Abstract
The paper presents the results of carbon nanotubes synthesis from benzene in fluidised bed reactor. Al2O3 spheres with iron and nickel nanoparticles coating were used as a catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes. To deposit nickel nanoparticles on the surface of Al2O3 spheres, the method of solution combustion was used. Optimum temperature conditions and gas flow rates were worked out for each of the catalysts. It was found that the best efficiency in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from benzene is shown by catalysts based on aluminium oxide coated with iron. The obtained carbon nanotubes were studied by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. It was found that at temperatures above 850 °C from benzene on Al2O3 spheres with Ni/NiO, carbon frame structures are formed.
Highlights
The solution combustion method was applied to obtain the active phase of catalysts in the form of Ni/nickel oxide (NiO) on the surface of Al2O3 spheres for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from benzene
It was found that the following synthesis conditions meet the optimal conditions for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from benzene: nitrogen consumption 650‒700 cm3/min, synthesis temperature 850 °C
The best indicators of catalytic activity during the synthesis of carbon nanotubes were shown by Al2O3 spheres impregnated with a Fe(C5H5)2 solution
Summary
In the synthesis of carbon nanotubes by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, the main conditions affecting the structure and properties of synthesized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are the composition and ratio of the gas mixture, the synthesis temperature, the structure and morphology of the catalyst, etc. [1, 2]. As an active component of the catalyst, we used compounds of the transition group metals: iron and nickel, which are the most used catalysts in the synthesis of CNTs. Ferrocene is the most useful catalyst for the growth of carbon nanotubes. Iron particles are formed on the surface of the spheres, which play the role of an active phase in the growth of carbon nanotubes. Nickel was deposited on the surface of Al2O3 spheres by the method of solution combustion synthesis. The Al2O3 spheres were subjected to heat treatment at 260 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere, while an exothermic reaction proceeds on the surface with the release of heat and an increase in temperature to 1200 °C and the formation of nickel nanoparticles with a small content of nickel oxide. The resulting Ni/NiO nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy, optical microscopy, BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) analysis, and X-ray phase analysis
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