Synthesis of Carbide Lime Derived Strong Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

Carbide lime is a result of acetylene production. Carbide lime made out of calcium hydroxide with minor amount of calcium carbonate. In this study, carbide lime was used as the raw material to synthesize a new base catalyst with high base strength. A strong base catalyst was prepared through calcination and impregnation with potassium fluoride. The structure and morphology of catalyst were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) The base strength was determined by Hammett Indicator test, temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide (TPD-CO2). The surface area of the catalyst was determined by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller isotherm (BET). The catalytic performance was examined through transesterification reaction. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was successfully synthesized with the presence of carbide lime derived catalyst. The highest biodiesel conversion rate for sunflower oil was 95.83% with 6 wt% of catalyst loading while palm oil was 88.07% with 3 wt% of catalyst loading. The presence of the ester functional group was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis.