Synthesis of Building Blocks and Oligonucleotides with {T}N3‐Alkylene‐N3{T} Cross‐Links

Abstract

This unit describes two methods to directly prepare oligonucleotide duplexes containing an N3thymidine-alkylene-N3thymidine inter-strand cross-link. The inter-strand cross-link can be engineered into the duplex with a number of possible orientations. Both methods require the preparation of a protected thymidine dimer where the N3 atoms of the two nucleosides are covalently attached by an alkyl linker. This linker is prepared starting from a protected diol using two successive alkylation reactions under basic conditions to accomplish the alkylation selectively at the N3 atom of the nucleoside. The chain length of the cross-link can be varied based on the selection of the diol used in the dimer synthesis. The solid-phase mono-phosphoramidite approach involves oligonucleotide synthesis with 3'-O-phosphoramidites, on-column removal of a 3'-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl protecting group, and continued oligonucleotide synthesis with 5'-O-phosphoramidites. The bis-phosphoramidite approach does not require synthesis with 5'-O-phosphoramidites. At the end of synthesis using either method, the N3thymidine-alkylene-N3thymidine inter-strand cross-linked oligonucleotides can be removed from the solid-support and purified using standard techniques (ion-exchange HPLC) in yields sufficient for various structural studies and repair assays.