Synthesis of bio-degradable poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) using natural deep eutectic solvents for sustainable cancer drug delivery

Abstract

The primary metabolites frequently used for various applications including medicinal applications. Currently, natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) is prepared through primary metabolites and it is a good solvent with better biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxic nature. In the current study, NADES was designed and used for the polymerization to drug carrier synthesis. The maximum quantity of poly(HEMA) was obtained by the stoichiometric ratios of choline chloride and xylitol (1:1) of NADES. The NADES-poly(HEMA) was attempted as a carrier with loaded 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). The NADES formation and PHEMA were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The phase purity of synthesised NADES-poly(HEMA) and 5-FU loaded NADES-poly(HEMA) carrier was investigated by X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the scanning electron microscope exhibited as-synthesised NADES-poly(HEMA) and 5-FU loaded NADES-poly(HEMA) was smooth with interconnected porous morphology. The encapsulation efficiency of the carrier was obtained 77 ± 1% and in vitro of 5-FU release from NADES-poly(HEMA) carrier was achieved in various physiological environment. Biodegradability of NADES-poly(HEMA) carrier was determined in the presence of esterase enzyme. The enhanced cytotoxicity of 5-FU-loaded NADES-poly(HEMA) was investigated against HeLa cancer cell line. Thus, the newly developed 5-FU loaded NADES-poly(HEMA) carrier is suitable for cancer treatment over a prolonged period of drug release.