Abstract
Transition metal nitrides, carbides and borides have a high potential for industrial applications as they not only have a high melting point but are generally harder and less compressible than the pure metals. Here we summarize recent advances in the synthesis of binary transition metal nitrides, carbides and borides focusing on the reaction of the elements at extreme conditions generated within the laser-heated diamond anvil cell. The current knowledge of their structures and high-pressure properties like high-() stability, compressibility and hardness is described as obtained from experiments.
Highlights
Transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides are a large and complex group of industrially relevant compounds with outstanding physical properties
This review is restricted to investigations of the formation of transition metal nitrides, carbides and borides in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) at high pressure and temperature, and alternative methods, such as the use of large volume presses, will not be discussed
We have shown by in situ experiment that the nitridation process of tantalum occurs at high pressures and temperatures (>1600–2000 K) within the laser-heated DAC
Summary
Transition metal carbides, nitrides and borides are a large and complex group of industrially relevant compounds with outstanding physical properties. The study of reactions is, important for the synthesis of new materials, but it is of more general use to understand processes occurring in laser-heated diamond anvil cells at extremely high pressures and temperatures. This review is restricted to investigations of the formation of transition metal nitrides, carbides and borides in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell (DAC) at high pressure and temperature, and alternative methods, such as the use of large volume presses, will not be discussed. They proposed a tetragonal Ta2 N3 phase to be more stable than the orthorhombic phase at lower pressures and its transformation to η-Ta2 N3 at 7.7 GPa. In the laser-heating study by Friedrich et al [56], a tantalum foil was used as starting material and, contamination with oxygen is expected to be less relevant and may only affect the surface of the foil. This implies that while δ-TaN may be obtained from hexagonal ε-TaN [59], which is the stable phase at ambient conditions and is obtained by the nitriding process at high temperature [57], it is not accessible from direct reaction of the elements at elevated (p, T )-conditions
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