Abstract
Abstract Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 powders were synthesized by a sol–gel process using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a complexing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FSEM) techniques were used to characterize precursor and derived oxide powders. The effect of the ratios of positively charged valences to hydroxyl groups of PVA (M n + /–OH) on the formation of Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 was investigated. XRD analysis showed that single-phase Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 was obtained from the M n + /–OH = 2:1 and M n + /–OH = 1:1 precursors at the temperature of 700 °C. For the precursor with M n + /–OH = 4:1, pure Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 formed at the temperature of 800 °C. Bi 2 Fe 4 O 9 powders clacined at 700 °C from M n + /–OH = 2:1 precursor shows weak ferromagnetism.
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