Abstract
Ammonia is the most essential hydrogenated nitrogen composition that can cause problems when it enters the environment. One of the most important natural and synthetic adsorbents is hydrogels, which can reduce the economic costs of treating industrial effluents and minimize the concentration of ammonia in the drainage of sugarcane fields. In this study, carrageenan, which is a type of polysaccharide, and acrylic acid were used to prepare nanomagnetic hydrogels. Also, the effect of pH, concentration, and temperature on the amount of ammonia adsorption was analyzed by the spectrophotometer, and finally, the adsorption property of the hydrogel was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of scanning electron microscopy show that there are holes in the hydrogel surface that increase the rate of adsorption. Experimental data from the spectrophotometer show that the rate of ammonia adsorption increases by about 50% over 80 minutes as its concentration in the effluent increases. The inflation rate of these hydrogels was selected to be 991.52 (mg/g) under optimal conditions, and the nanomagnetic hydrogel adsorption capacity remained constant at a pH range of 4 to 9, while when the pH was below four or above 9, the capacity of adsorption shows a slight decrease. Adsorption by acrylic hydrogels is significant. There is an issue that by modifying the acrylic compounds in the production of the hydrogel, it is possible to absorb the heavy elements or colors in the best way and also to achieve high efficiency. Also, by increasing the amount of adsorbent nanomagnetic hydrogel up to 40 mg led to the adsorption of 89.16%, 32.50%, and 31.11% of ammonia in three pools of the test site, respectively. The results also show that the use of iron oxide nanoparticles in the hydrogel substrate has increased thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) which shows that at 650 degrees centigrade, kappa‐carrageenan, hydrogels, and nanomagnetic hydrogels have a weight loss of 72.66%, 58.79%, and 52.39%, respectively. Studies have shown that the kappa‐carrageenan‐based hydrogel nanocomposite is more cost‐effective, while it is more efficient at absorbing NH4+. Therefore, this adsorbent can be a promising material in terms of economic as well as its effectiveness in eliminating ammonia from sewage. Investigations were performed for ammonia desorption and the reusability of nanomagnetic hydrogels. Also, the rate of ammonia adsorption by nanomagnetic hydrogels after 6 cycles of recovery cycle using NaCl can be about 43% of the initial rate. All statistical studies were performed by Minitab software version 18 and considering p value = 0.05.
Highlights
Pollution of water resources with various organic and inorganic pollutants is one of the biggest challenges of today.ese pollutions pose a severe threat to human health and the lives of plants and animals. e surface adsorption process of pollutants is one of the most well-known and widely used processes
To investigate the effect of pH on the adsorption value, the effluent of the collection pool, the main drainage, and the inlet pool with pH values of 7.1, 7.8, and 7.9, respectively, in contact with 4.4 g of an adsorbent for 6 minutes at a medium speed which is about 70 rpm was mixed (Table 5). e resulting residual solution was smoothed, and the residual ammonia concentration in the solution was measured using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 213 nanometers (Table 5)
Studies on the results show that the adsorption of NH4+ by nanomagnetic hydrogels increases because the initial concentration increases at a constant rate
Summary
Pollution of water resources with various organic and inorganic pollutants is one of the biggest challenges of today.ese pollutions pose a severe threat to human health and the lives of plants and animals. e surface adsorption process of pollutants is one of the most well-known and widely used processes. In the process of surface adsorption, which is in the category of physical separation methods, the various pollutants in the effluent are absorbed by the physical or chemical interactions with the functional groups present at the adsorbent surface. In this process, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering high-porosity adsorbents such as activated carbon, polymeric adsorbents, and agricultural wastes are used. Nitrate is usually formed in nature as a product of nitrogen denitrification and is highly soluble in water, inactive, and nonreactive. In the process of reducing nitrate, ammonia, nitrogen gas (N2), nitrite (NO), and ammonium (NH) are formed [2]
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