Synthesis of a phosphorus-containing L-lactic acid-based flame-retardant plasticizer for simultaneously enhancing flexibility and flame retardancy of poly(lactic acid)

Abstract

This work provides a straightforward strategy for synthesizing efficient bio-based flame-retardant plasticizers, offering promising prospects for flame-retardant flexible materials. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has garnered significant attention as an environmentally friendly polymer among numerous biodegradable materials. However, its high flammability and brittleness severely hinder its application in the field of electronics and electrical devices. To address these challenges, a bio-based flame-retardant plasticizer (EPDL) was designed and synthesized using renewable L-lactic acid, which significantly enhances the flexibility and flame retardancy of PLA. Incorporating 40 phr EPDL resulted in PLA achieving UL94 V-0 grade and a limiting oxygen index of 34.3 %, demonstrating excellent flame-retardant properties. Meanwhile, the peak of heat release rate and total heat release of PLA/EPDL blends exhibited a marked reduction by 23.1 % and 34.1 % compared to that of pristine PLA, respectively. The flame-retardant action mode of EPDL is the combination of gas phase and condensed phase action. Additionally, the introduction of 40 phr EPDL significantly enhanced the ductility of PLA, resulting in a substantial rise in the elongation at break of the PLA/EPDL to 181.8 %, which is approximately 52 times higher than neat PLA. Intriguingly, the crystallization performance of PLA was enhanced by the presence of EPDL.