Abstract
The synthesis of multi-function flame retardants is widely increasing to fulfill industrial and economic goals. In this work, a novel flame retardant, melamine salt of tannic phosphate (MTP) was prepared and characterized. MTP was mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and used as a coating for cotton fabrics. In addition, tannic acid (TA) and melamine phosphate (MP) were mixed with PVA solution and applied as a coating for cotton fabrics. Vertical and horizontal flammability tests showed that the flame did not propagate in samples treated with PVA/MTP. In contrast, samples treated with PVA/TA/MP burnt completely. Limiting oxygen index (LOI) data indicated that samples treated with PVA/30%MTP reached LOI value 68.4%, while the control sample had LOI value 17.1%. Smoke density results presented that PVA/MTP succeeded in reducing the maximum specific optical density (Ds max) of cotton fabrics. FTIR gas analyzer results manifested that the addition of PVA/MTP to cotton fabrics decreased the emission of CO, CO2, C3H8, C2H6, C6H14, and formaldehyde in the gas phase. Fractional effective dose (FED) and lethal toxic potency (LC50) showed that samples coated with PVA/MTP are less toxic than blank. In addition, these fabrics exhibited a remarkable antibacterial property against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Highlights
Cotton fabrics are excessively used in applications like clothing and house furniture due to their fabulous properties which includes comfortableness, biodegradability, hydrophilicity and good breathability (Chen et al 2021; Zhu et al 2020a)
Limiting oxygen index (LOI) data indicated that samples treated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/30%melamine salt of tannic phosphate (MTP) reached LOI value 68.4%, while control sample had LOI value 17.1%
When comparing FTIR spectra of tannic acid (TA) and MTP in Fig. 2(A), it can be seen formation of new peaks in MTP spectrum at 3420 cm-1and 3470 cm-1; 3140 cm-1and 1406 cm-1; 3370 cm-1; 2680 cm-1; 1670 cm-1, 1560 cm-1 and 817 cm-1; 1250 cm-1, 1170 cm-1 and 1110 cm-1; 499 cm-1 and 619 cm-1
Summary
Cotton fabrics are excessively used in applications like clothing and house furniture due to their fabulous properties which includes comfortableness, biodegradability, hydrophilicity and good breathability (Chen et al 2021; Zhu et al 2020a). The environmental regulations in many countries restricted their use because these materials manifested harmful effects to human and animals (Van der Veen and De Boer, 2012) Metal hydroxides such as Al(OH) and Mg(OH) were introduced as alternatives for halogenated flame retardants because they can take in a large amount of heat at high temperatures. The ingredients of IFR system are decomposed during the combustion process of polymer composite to form insulating, cellular and intumescent char layer on polymer surface which protect the polymer from the effect of heat and flame. According to our literature survey, combining TA as charring agent with other IFR ingredients to prepare SMIFR to impart different functions (such as flame retardancy and antibacterial effects) to cotton fabric was not studied. Tensile strength and antibacterial properties of the treated cotton samples were evaluated
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