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Abstract
Re-use of the byproduct wastes resulting from different municipal and industrial activities in the reclamation of contaminated water is real application for green projects and sustainability concepts. In this direction, the synthesis of composite sorbent from the mixing of waterworks and sewage sludge coated with new nanoparticles named “siderite” (WSSS) is the novelty of this study. These particles can be precipitated from the iron(II) nitrate using waterworks sludge as alkaline agent and source of carbonate. Characterization tests using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping revealed that the coating process was correctly achieved and siderite nanoparticles were planted on the surface of the composite sorbent. Interaction between Congo Red dye and composite sorbent was evaluated through a set of batch tests under the variation of agitation time, pH of aqueous solution, and sorbent dosage. The results proved that the prepared sorbent had a high ability in the treatment of water contaminated with Congo Red dye in comparison with previous studies and the maximum adsorption capacity reached to maximum value i.e. 9416 mg/g. The sorption process was governed by electrostatic attractions; however, Sips and Pseudo-second-order models described this process with coefficient of determination greater than 0.99.Graphic abstract
Highlights
The severe issues concerning anthropogenic water contamination and natural geogenic scarcity of safe water worldwide have become one of the major engineering challenges of the twenty-first century (Naushad et al 2015a; Mironyuk et al.1 3 Vol.:(0123456789)International Journal of Environmental Research (2020) 14:177–1912019)
Composite sorbent adopted in the present study is a mixture of waterworks sludge and sewage sludge treated with different amounts of Iron(II) nitrate to achieve the required coating by precipitation of the nanoparticle materials
When the waterworks sludge quantity was equal to 0.75 g of composite sorbent, the coating with siderite increased the sorption capacity up to 24.7 mg/g in comparison with capacity value that was equal to 19.5 mg/g for composite sorbent consisted of sewage sludge only
Summary
The severe issues concerning anthropogenic water contamination and natural geogenic scarcity of safe water worldwide have become one of the major engineering challenges of the twenty-first century (Naushad et al 2015a; Mironyuk et al. Vol.:(0123456789)International Journal of Environmental Research (2020) 14:177–1912019). Congo Red is acidic and anionic dye that can be used as an antifungal therapeutic agent in the field of aquaculture, commercial fish hatchery, and animal husbandry (Sahoo et al 2019; Ahmad et al 2007). It has several negative effects on the human beings such as amyloidosis (Frid et al 2007); Europe, United States, Canada and others prohibited the usage of this dye (Gopinathan et al 2015). It is of paramount importance to eliminate Congo Red from wastewater
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