Abstract
Microwave-induced catalytic degradation (MICD) has been considered as one of the most prospective approaches to remove organic contaminants from water. High-performance catalysts, ideally offering efficient degradation ability, are essential to this process. This work reports the fabrication of manganese oxide on carbon nanotubes (MnO/CNTs) as an efficient catalyst under microwave irradiation (MI) to remove tetracycline (TC) from aqueous solution. The hybrid MnO/CNTs structure shows excellent performance in TC degradation. Combining experimental characterization and theoretical calculations, synergistic mechanisms are revealed: (i) Strong MnO/CNTs interaction stabilizes Mn(II) through interfacial bonding; (ii) high-spin states associated with low coordinated Mn(II) play a major role in MICD; and (iii) superoxide radicals (•O2−) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) induced by microwave input are identified as the major active species.
Highlights
The development and application of antibiotics is one of the greatest successes of medical science in the 20th century for its excellent effect in controlling and treating infectious diseases [1,2,3]
Most sewage treatment plants do not have the function of removing microorganisms currently, and most TC or other antibiotics are discharged without specific treatment [6,7]
The results show that the MnO/CNTs composites have a much higher degradation efficiency than the single component catalysts, which further confirms the improvement
Summary
The development and application of antibiotics is one of the greatest successes of medical science in the 20th century for its excellent effect in controlling and treating infectious diseases [1,2,3]. Many antibiotics are not absorbed and digested but are excreted in the form of feces or urine [4]. As a result, they have been widely detected in the environment (soil, lakes, and even drinking water) [3,4,5]. It is necessary to develop innovative and effective technologies to degrade antibiotics from contaminated water to minimize ecological risks. Tetracycline (TC), one of the most common antibiotics discovered in water, is widely used to treat bacterial infections [3,4]. There are many treatment technologies for sewage containing antibiotics, including sorption and biodegradation [8]; electrochemical-advanced oxidation [9]; ZnO-, Bi2O3-, CdO-, and TiO2-enhanced
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