Abstract

A novel nitrogen-containing alkylphosphinate salt—aluminium β-(p-nitrobenzamide) ethyl methyl phosphinate (AlNP) was synthesized and used to flame retard acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS). The Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, 1H, 13C and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) were applied to characterize the structure and composition of products. The flame retardancy performance, thermal properties and mechanical strength of the ABS/AlNP with respect to AlNP loading were investigated. AlNP was stable before 330°C and decomposed very slowly with residues high up to 56.1% at 700°C. Adding 25–30 wt% of AlNP alone can make ABS to pass V0 rating in the vertical burning tests (UL 94). The results according to the micro combustion calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis showed that AlNP can depress the heating release and retard the thermal degradation of the ABS. Scanning electron microscopy observation of the residues from LOI test indicated that AlNP formed the condensed and tough residues layer during combustion; XRF analysis showed that the residues contained phosphorus and aluminium element and nitrogen element was not detected. The compact phosphorus/aluminium-rich substance acted as a barrier to enhance flame-retardant properties of the ABS.

Highlights

  • Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a high-performance polymer with excellent mechanical/electric properties, fine surface appearance, as well as chemical resistant

  • Realinho et al [22] revealed that metal salts of alkylphosphinates mainly act in the gas phase and could not form the stable char in the ABS. When charring component such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) combined with aluminium diethylphosphinate was added into ABS together, both gas and condensed mode of action can achieve and the flame retardancy of ABS was enhanced

  • The atomic ratio of P to Al based on the X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) was 2.90 : 1, close to calculated value of 3 : 1. The results from 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 13C-NMR, 31P-NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and XRF indicated that AlNP has been synthesized successfully

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Summary

Introduction

Acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) is a high-performance polymer with excellent mechanical/electric properties, fine surface appearance, as well as chemical resistant. It has been widely applied in electronic and electricity industry, automobile and construction field [1,2,3]. Realinho et al [22] revealed that metal salts of alkylphosphinates mainly act in the gas phase and could not form the stable char in the ABS When charring component such as ammonium polyphosphate (APP) combined with aluminium diethylphosphinate was added into ABS together, both gas and condensed mode of action can achieve and the flame retardancy of ABS was enhanced. The flame retardancy behaviour, thermal stability as well as the mechanical properties of the AlNP/ABS composites were studied

Materials
Measurements
Characterization of AlNP
Thermal analysis
Residues analysis
Conclusion
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