Synthesis of a hydrophobic association polymer with an inner salt structure for fracture fluid with ultra-high-salinity water

Abstract

This study used a compound initiation free radical polymerization process to synthesize a hydrophobic association polymer (PDMA1) with good salt resistance for use in ultra-high salinity reservoirs. The critical association and entanglement concentrations of PDMA1 in deionized (DI) water were 1596 and 2799 mg/L, respectively. The properties of the polymer in simulated formation (SF) water were investigated using viscosity change and conductivity tests, and the apparent viscosity of the PDMA1 solution was investigated using apparent viscosity, viscoelasticity, and thixotropy experiments. To a certain extent, the apparent viscosity of the solution was found to be influenced by metal ions. Under total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations of up to 239,500 ppm, when the polymer concentration exceeded the critical entanglement concentration, the apparent viscosity of the polymer remained close to that of DI water. Additionally, the viscosity of the PDMA1 solution was affected by different types of metal ions, and the polymer solution thickened owing to divalent cations. PDMA1 is resistant to salt owing to hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic shielding, and double-layer compression. The results of the thixotropy and viscoelasticity tests revealed the thixotropy loop area of the PDMA1 solution in SF water to be greater than that in DI water. Under these conditions, PDMA1 is mostly viscous at low shear frequencies and mostly elastic at high shear frequencies. The PDMA1 inner-salt hydrophobic association polymer can be utilized as a chemical agent for tertiary recovery and fracturing, processes in high-salinity reservoirs, particularly for aggravating fracturing fluid.