Abstract
An electrotextile with a biosensing focus composed of conductive polymer coated microfibers that contain functional attachment sites for biorecognition elements was developed. Experiments were conducted to select a compound with a pendant functional group for inclusion in the polymer, a fiber platform, and polymerization solvent. The effects of dopant inclusion and post-polymerization wash steps were also analyzed. Finally, the successful attachment of avidin, which was then used to capture biotin, to the electrotextile was achieved. The initial results show a nonwoven fiber matrix can be successfully coated in a conductive, functionalized polymer while still maintaining surface area and fiber durability. A polypropylene fiber platform with a conductive polypyrrole coating using iron (III) chloride as an oxidant, water as a solvent, and 5-sulfosalicylic acid as a dopant exhibited the best coating consistency, material durability, and lowest resistance. Biological attachment of avidin was achieved on the fibers through the inclusion of a carboxyl functional group via 3-thiopheneacetic acid in the monomer. The immobilized avidin was then successfully used to capture biotin. This was confirmed through the use of fluorescent quantum dots and confocal microscopy. A preliminary electrochemical experiment using avidin for biotin detection was conducted. This technology will be extremely useful in the formation of electrotextiles for use in biosensor systems.
Highlights
Electrochemical biosensors combine a biological recognition element with an electrical readout.There is a large array of biorecognition elements to choose from including: DNA/RNA aptamers, proteins, antibodies, enzymes, and DNA probes
The membrane was submerged in 10 mL sample of biotin solution (10 mL) of 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) for 30 min in order to establish a baseline resistance for the fibers
The nonwoven membrane platform will be capable of being immersed into a test sample to act as a pathogen collector and inserted into an electrochemical cell to complete the biosensor circuit by functioning as the working electrode
Summary
Electrochemical biosensors combine a biological recognition element with an electrical readout. It has been shown that an electrochemical biosensor electrode can be created by combining a conductive polymer coating on a non-woven microfiber support that is less expensive than its planar metal counterpart [16]. These electrotextile electrodes can be engineered to be durable, disposable, and require minimal attachment chemistries. With the attachment of biological recognition elements to the electrotextile surface, these electrodes have the capacity to act as the transducer in a biosensor while performing pathogen capture, concentration, and detection [10].
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