Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become an indispensable tool that can potentially predict many phenomena of practical interest in the tundish. Model verification and validation (V&V) are essential parts of a CFD model development process if the models are to be used with sufficient confidence in real industrial tundish applications. The crucial aspects of CFD simulations in the tundish are addressed in this study, such as the selection of the turbulence models, meshing, boundary conditions, and selection of discretization schemes. A series of CFD benchmarking exercises are presented serving as selected examples of appropriate modelling strategies. A tundish database, initiated by German Steel Institute VDEH working group “Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Simulation”, was revisited with the aim of establishing a comprehensive set of best practice guidelines (BPG) in CFD simulations for tundish applications. These CFD benchmark exercises yield important results for the sensible application of CFD models and contribute to further improving the reliability of CFD applications in metallurgical reactors.
Highlights
The main benefits of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications in tundish include the following: (i) CFD modelling is wildly cheaper than making a costly prototype; (ii) engineers have the flexibility to quickly adjust CFD models, providing a better chance of ending up with an optimum product or solution; and (iii) CFD modelling allows the assessment of variables and data that cannot be accurately measured in experiments. [4,5]
The objective is to establish a comprehensive set of best practice guidelines (BPG) in CFD simulations for tundish applications
CFD simulations of the sensitivity studies have been performed based on the different modelling setting including mesh size, turbulence model, and discretization scheme
Summary
The CFD benchmark exercise helps test different CFD codes, turbulence models, grid dependency, and boundary conditions. Among the few published studies, Odenthal et al presented the comprehensive CFD benchmark results of a single-strand continuous-casting tundish, initiated by German Steel Institute VDEH working group “Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Simulation”. This CFD benchmark was divided into two parts:. The intention of Benchmark I was to perform the CFD simulation as blind test, for which only the tundish water model geometry, the volumetric flow rate at the shroud as well as the number of grid cells were defined. The objective is to establish a comprehensive set of best practice guidelines (BPG) in CFD simulations for tundish applications
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