Synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles from aryl halides using nanopolymer-anchored palladium(II) complex as a new heterogeneous and reusable catalyst

Abstract

This paper reports on the preparation and use of chloromethylated polystyrene-anchored palladium(II) complex, [Ps-ttet-Pd(II)], as a separable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles by treating aryl halides with K4[Fe(CN)6] as non-toxic cyanide source, to generate in situ the corresponding aryl nitriles which then react through [2 + 3] cycloaddition with sodium azide. High yields of the products, simple methodology, easy work-up procedure, high catalytic activity, and superior cycling stability of the catalyst are the main advantages of this protocol. The structure of the catalyst was characterized using the powder XRD, SEM, TG-DTA, EDS, AAS, and FT-IR spectroscopy techniques.