Abstract
As a solid waste, kaolinite-type pyrite flotation tailings (KPFT) are a type of low-quality kaolin that contain impurities, such as iron and titanium. In this study, KPFT were calcined at 800 °C for two hours. The calcined production (CKPFT), which is mainly metakaolin, was used as the silicon and aluminum source to synthesize 4A zeolite (Na12[(AlO2)12(SiO2)12]·27H2O) via hydrothermal synthesis. The optimal hydrothermal synthesis conditions were determined from X-ray diffraction phase analysis, relative crystallinity (RC), and cation ion exchange capacity (CEC). The optimal hydrothermal synthesis conditions were determined to be a ratio of 5 g CKPFT, 6.5 g NaOH, 65 mL H2O, crystallization temperature 110 °C, and crystallization time of three hours. Under the optimal hydrothermal synthesis conditions, the RC and CEC of the synthesized 4A zeolite were 40.77% and 210.32 mg CaCO3·g−1, respectively. Further characterizations including pore size distribution, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray, thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were performed. The results revealed that impurities in KPFT do not affect the synthesis of 4A zeolite. The surface morphology of the synthesized 4A zeolite was composed of chamfered-edged cubes with a particle size of one to three μm that was thermally stable up to approximately 890 °C.
Highlights
Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate materials formed by the sharing of oxygen atoms in the aluminum and silicate tetrahedral framework [1,2]
Further and some quantities of Ti and derived from analysis showed the detailed chemical compositions of chamfered-edged cubes. These the detailed chemical compositions of chamfered-edged cubes. These results indicated that 4A results zeolite indicated that 4A zeolite can be synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis
kaolinite-type pyrite flotation tailings (KPFT) are a type of low-quality kaolin that contain impurities, and the main chemical
Summary
Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicate materials formed by the sharing of oxygen atoms in the aluminum and silicate tetrahedral framework [1,2]. Microscopic interconnected pores and windows that can selectively adsorb molecules like sieves [3,4]. 4A zeolite, Na12 [(AlO2 ) (SiO2 )12 ]·27H2 O, possesses an α-cavity with a 0.41 nm diameter comprised of eight β-cages linked by 12 4-rings, which create its adsorption, screening, and ion exchange performance [5,6]. 4A zeolite has been widely used as an adsorbent [7], catalyst [8,9], ion-exchanger [10,11], and detergent builders [12,13,14]. The production is expensive and the raw materials are limited [22]
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