Synthesis of 3D-porous scaffold from cockle shells waste-based hydroxyapatite with addition silica from tin tailings

Abstract

This study aims to synthesize a porous scaffold based on hydroxyapatite and silica using the polymer sponge replication method. In bone tissue engineering technology, the development of porous scaffolds is a topic that is intensively studied because it is expected to be a solution to various problems of conventional bone therapy. In addition to proposing a porous scaffold synthesis method, we also utilize natural waste-based materials such as cockle shells and tin tailings as raw materials in this research. Investigation through x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern with the goodness of fit coefficient, X 2 = 0.09 shows that the coprecipitation method is effective for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite. Analysis of XRD pattern of tin tailings sand with a value of X 2 = 0.008 showed that the diffraction pattern was related to silica with space group P 41 21 2. The polymer sponge replication method with polyurethane template succeeded in obtaining scaffolds with macropores above 300 μm. Based on the diffraction pattern of the three porous scaffolds prepared with different percentages of HA, it is known that all porous scaffolds have peaks related to HA and silica. It indicates that the decomposition temperature of polymer does not provide sufficient energy for the HA and silica to transform or react chemically.