Synthesis, molecular structure, hydrogen-bonding, NBO and chemical reactivity analysis of a novel 1,9-bis(2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-dipyrromethane: A combined experimental and theoretical (DFT and QTAIM) approach

Abstract

The spectroscopic analysis of a newly synthesized 1,9-bis(2-cyano-2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-dipyrromethane (3) has been carried out using 1H NMR, UV–Visible, FT-IR and Mass spectroscopic techniques. All the quantum chemical calculations have been carried out using DFT level of theory, B3LYP functional and 6-31G(d,p) as basis set. Thermodynamic parameters (H, G, S) of all the reactants and products have been used to determine the nature of the chemical reaction. The chemical shift of pyrrolic NH in 1H NMR spectrum appears at 9.4ppm due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. TD-DFT calculation shows the nature of electronic transitions as π→π* within the molecule. A combined experimental and theoretical vibrational analysis designates the existence of H-bonding between pyrrole NH as proton donor and nitrogen of cyanide as proton acceptor, therefore, lowering in stretching vibration of NH and CN. To investigate the strength and nature of H-bonding, topological parameters at bond critical points (BCPs) are analyzed by ‘Quantum theory of Atoms in molecules’ (QTAIMs). Natural bond orbitals (NBOs) analysis has been carried out to investigate the intramolecular conjugative and hyperconjugative interactions within molecule and their second order stabilization energy (E(2)). Global electrophilicity index (ω=4.528eV) shows that title molecule (3) is a strong electrophile. The maximum values of local electrophilic reactivity descriptors (fk+,sk+,ωk+) at vinyl carbon (C6/C22) of (3) indicate that these sites are more prone to nucleophilic attacks.