Abstract
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph. Its existence is very rare in nature, e.g., in some rock formations or as a component of biominerals produced by some fishes, crustaceans, or birds. Synthetic vaterite particles are proposed as carriers of active substances in medicines, additives in cosmetic preparations as well as adsorbents. Also, their utilization as a pump for microfluidic flow is also tested. In particular, vaterite particles produced as polycrystalline spheres have large potential for application. Various methods are proposed to precipitate vaterite particles, including the conventional solution-solution synthesis, gas-liquid method as well as special routes. Precipitation conditions should be carefully selected to obtain a high concentration of vaterite in all these methods. In this review, classical and new methods used for vaterite precipitation are presented. Furthermore, the key parameters affecting the formation of spherical vaterite are discussed.
Highlights
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph and it transforms into more stable calcite or aragonite in the presence of water
The crystallization of calcium carbonate crystalline polymorphs often occurs via amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), which is initially formed in the solution [42]
It was suggested that the core-shell vaterite structure was a result of a successive aggregation and coverage of formed spheres with hexagonal plates [45] in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) sodium salt, while the precipitation with the addition of ethylene glycol led to the formation of an initial shell structure from the primary nanoparticles and hollow vaterite particles [46]
Summary
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph and it transforms into more stable calcite or aragonite in the presence of water. Spherical vaterite particles have been used to generate flow within microfluidic channels that has allowed the creation of an optical driven pump [17] This polymorphic CaCO3 form has been proposed as a coating pigment for ink jet paper [18]. REVIEW was widely investigated to identify the favorable conditions for its production as well as to verify its usefulness for various applications. This mineral was investigated to the favorable conditions for its Recently, this unstable unstable mineral waswidely widely investigated toidentify identify theaffecting favorableits conditions for opinions on vaterite synthesis as well as a discussion on the variables formation are production as well as to verify its usefulness for various applications.
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