Abstract
Layered materials are attractive for many applications because of their unique structure consisting of stacked sheets that can be controlled and modified. In this work, various synthetic layered materials (SLMs) i.e., Na-MnO2, H-MnO2, and Cs-TiO2 have been successfully prepared as the support for molybdenum (Mo)-based catalyst and applied for bio-crude oil hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. A commercial Mo/Al2O3 catalysts will also be utilized as a benchmark. The physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by using an X-ray diffractometer, X-ray fluorescence, surface area analyzer, NH3-temperature-programmed desorption, and scanning electron microscopy. The characterization results showed that the interlayer ion exchange of Na+ ions with H+ ions was successful for MnO2 support. The impregnation of the MoO3 into SLMs increased the surface area, pore-volume, average pore size, and total acidity. The HDO of bio-crude oil using MoO3/Na-MnO2 catalyst produced a higher HHV value of 38.75 MJ/Kg and a DOD value of 82.75% compared to other prepared catalysts or even the MoO3 commercial catalyst.
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