Abstract
Tecto(dendrimers) are well-defined, dendrimer cluster type covalent structures. In this article, we present the synthesis of such a PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer). This tecto(dendrimer) exhibits nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL; excitation 376 nm; emission 455 nm) that has been attributed to three fluorescent components characterized by different fluorescence lifetimes. Furthermore, it has been shown that this PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) is able to form a polyplex with double stranded DNA, and is nontoxic for HeLa and HMEC-1 cells up to a concentration of 10 mg/mL, even though it accumulates in endosomal compartments as demonstrated by its unique NTIL emission properties. Many of the above features would portend the proposed use of this tecto(dendrimer) as an efficient transfection agent. Quite surprisingly, transfection activity could not be demonstrated in HeLa cells, and the possible reasons are discussed in the article.
Highlights
This represents the attachment of 8–10 shell components (i.e., PAMAM G2.5 shell attachment to a PAMAM G5 core) out of the theoretical prediction of 15 shell components according to the Mansfield-Tomalia-Rakesh equation [38]
We examined the capacity of PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) (C) for binding with DNA by observing changes in surface charge distribution around the macromolecule using zeta potential measurements
Dendrimers are too weak to allow efficient bioimaging against the background of autofluorescent cellular components, we show that PAMAM [G5:G3-(TREN)]-N-(4-carbomethoxy) pyrrolidone terminated tecto(dendrimer) (C) produces nontraditional intrinsic luminescence (NTIL) emissions that are bright enough to be effectively imaged within cellular structures without significant interference from background fluorescence
Summary
Were attainable only via biological processes, and similar well-defined, abiotic macromolecular analogues were impossible to produce by synthetic methods. It was at that time that analytical and protein scientists developed mass spectrometry equipment/protocols suitable for characterizing masses of high molecular weight proteins. These new methodologies were quickly applied to the determination of higher molecular weight PAMAM dendrimer masses at the Dow Chemical Co. Consistent with the original concept [1], these new mass spectrometry protocols demonstrated unequivocally that dendrimers could be synthesized in generational sequences to yield mathematically predictable, monodispersed macromolecular structures [4]. It was shown that the chemical compositions of the three key architectural components of dendrimers, namely (1)
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