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Abstract
For the first time, a novel series of tschimganin analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their insecticidal and fungicidal activities. Their structures were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. Some of these compounds displayed excellent insecticidal and fungicidal activities, suggesting that they have potential to be used as bifunctional agrochemicals. Compound 3d and 3g with electron donating groups showed better inhibitory activity and growth inhibition activity towards Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The properties and positions of the substituents on the benzene ring have an important influence on the acaricidal activity of tschimganin analogs. Topomer comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) was employed to develop a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model for the compounds against Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nikolski. It was indicated that higher electronegativity was beneficial for acaricidal activity. Moreover, compound 3r having a 2-hydroxy-3,5- dinitrophenyl moiety displayed a fungicidal spectrum as broad as azoxystrobin against these phytopathogens.
Highlights
Botanical pesticides refer to plants, crude plant extracts or the derivatives of the active ingredients used for the protection of crops and stored products from insect pests
The tschimganin tschimganin analogs analogs 3 were prepared in excellent yield from commercially temperature esterification esterification substituted
To characterize the biological potential of these tschimganin analogs 3, the insecticidal activities of all the new compounds were tested against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Tetranychus truncates of all the new compounds were tested against Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Tetranychus truncates and and Tetranychus turkestani Ugarov et Nikolski, and their in vitro antifungal activities were evaluated
Summary
Botanical pesticides refer to plants, crude plant extracts or the derivatives of the active ingredients used for the protection of crops and stored products from insect pests. These can be recommended as an ecochemical and sustainable strategy for the management of agricultural pests due to their biodegradable nature, systemicity after application, capacity to alter the behavior of target pests, and their favorable safety profile [1]. Some plants of the genus Ferula have been used as pharmaceutical plants in many countries for centuries [3]. Plant extracts and Molecules 2018, 23, 1473; doi:10.3390/molecules23061473 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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