Abstract
Three ternary copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)(phen)] (1), [Cu(L2)(phen)] (2), and [Cu(L3)(phen)]·2H2O (3) (L1 = 4-fluoro-2-(picolinamido)benzoic acid, L2 = 4,5-difluoro-2-(picolinamido)benzoic acid, L3 = 4,5-difluoro-2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)benzoic acid, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods. In addition, X-ray crystallography showed that the Cu atoms in each of the complexes are five-coordinate, adopting distorted square pyramidal or trigonal bipyramidal geometries. The interactions of the complexes with calf-thymus DNA were investigated by UV absorption, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity measurements. In addition, the complexes were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against A549 (human pulmonary carcinoma cells), Jurkat (human T lymphocyte cell line) and HepG-2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells); these experiments showed that complex 3 exhibited the most effective cytotoxicities (IC50 = 1.224–7.099 µM). Antibacterial studies revealed that complex 3 also exhibited highest activity, consistent with the DNA binding affinities.
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