Abstract
Two new anthraquinone-organotin complexes [Ph3Sn(O2CC14H7O2)·MeOH]·MeOH (AQS01) and Cy3Sn(O2CC14H7O2) (AQS02) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 119 Sn NMR, X-ray crystallography and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Incorporation of 9,10-anthraquinone with organotin successfully enhanced its anticancer activity. Interestingly, the anti-proliferative activity of AQS01 against CAL-27 cells in vitro was almost 10-fold that of mitoxantrone and 40-fold that of cisplatin. Flow cytometry showed that AQS01 could induce apoptosis and arrest cell cycle in S phase. UV–visible absorption spectrometry and molecular docking showed that AQS01 can be well embedded in the double helix of DNA. Moreover, AQS01 induced cell death by upregulating the expression level of the DNA damage protein γ-H2AX and activating the mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway (Bax/Bcl-2). Therefore, AQS01 can be used as a potential anticancer drug and has potential for further research.
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