Abstract
Novel phenolic/silica hybrid ceramers were synthesized by the sol-gel process. FTIR and 29Si NMR were used to characterize the structure of the hybrids. The results revealed that Q4, Q3 andT3 are the major microstructures. That is, network structures were formed. SEM, TEM and Si mapping revealed that the hybrids were nanocomposites. The thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The char yields of the hybrids increased with TEOS content. Td5 (the degradation temperature at 5% weight loss) of the hybrid that contained 20 wt.% TEOS was 290 °C. The Td5 of the hybrid rose to 312 °C as the TEOS content was increased to 80 wt.%. TEOS inorganic components enhance the thermal stability of the hybrids. The limiting oxygen index (L.O.I.) and the UL-94 test revealed that the hybrid ceramer possesses excellent flame retardance.
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