Synthesis, characterization, stability, and thermal properties of graphene oxide based hybrid nanofluids for thermal applications: Experimental approach

Abstract

In recent years, graphene oxide-based nanofluids have been reported to have superior heat transfer capability compared to other nanofluids. This work examines the synergistic effect of SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles with graphene oxide when dispersed in distilled water due to hybridization. Initially, we synthesized the SiO2, TiO2, and graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles using various methods. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is used as a surfactant. Then, water base mono and hybrid nanofluid (50:50) was prepared for the volume concentration range of 0.05–1 %. Mono and hybrid nanofluids'(HNF) stability, viscosity (VST), and thermal conductivity (TC) were studied at 30–60 °C. XRD, FESEM, DLS, and zeta potential tests were performed. The novel correlations were presented to estimate the TC and VST of the GO and HNFs based on obtained data. The highest VST enhancement was observed for the GO nanofluid compared to the HNFs. The maximum TC amplification of GO nanofluid is 14.4 and 9.8 % higher than the GO-SiO2 and GO-TiO2 HNFs at 60°C at a 1.0 % volume concentration. HNFs would be an excellent option as high thermal and cost-effective nanofluids for thermal applications at temperatures over 45 °C based on the performance enhancement ratio (PER) of the researched nanofluids (NF). These HNFs are a prospective candidate for use in the coolant industry as a cutting-edge heat transport fluid.