Synthesis, characterization of functionalized grafted cellulose and its environmental application in uptake of copper (II), manganese (II) and iron (III) ions

Abstract

Acrylonitrile grafted cellulose was functionalized with hydrazine hydrate to form Cell-NH-NH2. IR, TGA, TEM, XRD, and elemental analyses were used to elucidate the obtained Cell-NH-NH2. It was applied as an effective adsorbent in elimination of various divalent metal ions from aqueous media, including copper (II), manganese (II), and iron (III). The batch technique was used to investigate many parameters, including pH, resin dosage, contact time, and the initial metal ions concentration. The maximum removal percent and uptake capacity were of 92, 93 and 93.8% and 5.9, 5.8 and 5.7 mgg−1 for Cu(II), Mn(II)) and Fe(III) ions, respectively. The results showed that with using 0.05 g of adsorbent, most of Cu(II) and Mn(II) were removed at pH value = 6 and at pH = 5 for Fe(III). Cell-NH-NH2 had fast kinetics; more than 50% of the adsorbed quantity was reached within the first 10 min (61.49, 56.02, and 54.26% for Cu(II), Mn(II), and Fe(III)), respectively. The capacity of adsorbent was reduced with raising the adsorbent dose and temperature. The maximum uptake yields and values of the isotherm parameters were calculated by applying the Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Freundlich isotherms. The low mean adsorption energy values (1.84–5.89 kJ/mol) displayed physisorption technique. The thermodynamic parameters were determined to be exothermic (negative ∆H°), spontaneous (negative ∆G°) and a high-ordered system (negative ∆S°). Acidified thiourea was used as an eluent for six cycles to regenerate the loaded adsorbent and make it suitable for further use. Elution efficiency was found to be 95–99%. Cell-NH-NH2 adsorption capability was examined using a sludge and water pump real samples with multi-metal ion concentrations.