Synthesis, characterization, in silico and in vitro assessment of 2-aminopyridine nicotinamide cocrystal as a new agent for breast cancer therapy

Abstract

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women globally, in spite of major advances in diagnosis and treatment. 2-Aminopyridine Nicotinamide (2APNA) cocrystal was synthesized and cocrystal formation was confirmed through powder XRD. Computational investigations in structural fields and spectroscopic parameters were conducted and compared with the experimental results. Comparing the optimized geometrical characteristics, it was observed that molecular properties of 2APNA closely match the previously reported experimental data. FT-IR and FT-Raman spectroscopic analysis revealed the theoretical wavenumbers agree better with recorded data and in UV–visible absorption a single peak was recorded at 247 nm showing n → π* transition. The 2APNA's stability, reactive nature, charge relocations were studied through quantum chemical calculation such as FMO, MEP, NBO, NLO and Mulliken charge analysis. The topological features of cocrystal 2APNA was examined through ELF, LOL and RDG studies. The anti-apoptotic protein BCL-2 was selected as a target in molecular docking analysis and the results expressed 2APNA's binding score as -8.2 kcal/mol. In vitro studies confirmed that 2APNA has 2APNA demonstrated an enhanced cell death in MCF-7 cells with the IC50 concentration of 56.58 µg/mL and decreased the expression of BCL-2, thus resulting in apoptotic cell death. These results indicated that 2APNA possess a potent anticancer property for the treatment of breast cancer.