Abstract
The best conditions for synthesis of starch hydroxypropyl sulphate as per the dry method were firstly established. This was done through a thorough investigation into factors affecting the synthesis including concentrations of both the NaOH catalyst and the 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate along with duration and temperature of the reaction. The resultant newly synthesized 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate was then reacted with starch to obtain starch hydroxypropyl sulphate ultimately. After being characterized by making use of IR spectroscopy analysis and scanning electronic microscope, the starch hydroxypropyl sulphate samples were submitted to evaluation for cationic dye removal using Methylene Blue (MB). Cationic dye removal was studied under a variety of conditions. Factors involved encompass initial dye concentration, duration, sulphur %, pH and adsorbent dose. 100% dye removal could be achieved under certain conditions which were described in the text.
Highlights
Wastewater treatment is a major problem around the world
Current work is undertaken with a view to synthesize, characterize and use green starch-based materials, namely starch hydroxypropyl sulfate, which are capable of cationic dye removal from aqueous solutions
Once the latter is attained higher sodium hydroxide concentrations act in favor of alkaline hydrolysis of the functional group (Equation (3)) of 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate and/or splitting off of the 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate moieties from the starch via alkaline hydrolysis of the chemical bonds linking the starch molecules with these moieties (Equation (4))
Summary
Wastewater treatment is a major problem around the world. Growing along with the population growth, industries create environmental problems and health hazards for the population. (2014) Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization of Starch Hydroxypropyl Sulphate for Cationic Dye Removal. Starch and its derivatives represent a cheap and environmentally safe source of raw material for the reparation of low-cost adsorbents that may be useful for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. Starches have suitable expansion, huge pore volume and high specific area, which can enhance its adsorption ability It means that modified starches are more suitable as adsorbent for dyes and heavy metals or as catalyst carrier materials. Current work is undertaken with a view to synthesize, characterize and use green starch-based materials, namely starch hydroxypropyl sulfate, which are capable of cationic dye removal from aqueous solutions. Thorough investigations into factors affecting the synthesis of these green starch derivatives, as well as, affecting removal of the cationic dye upon utilization of these newly synthesized green materials.
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