Synthesis, Characterization and the Solvent Effects on Interfacial Phenomena of Jatropha Curcas Oil Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane.

Mhd Abd Cader M Haniffa,Yern Chee Ching,Yong Ching Kuan,Nai-Shang Liou,De-Shin Liu,Cheng Hock Chuah

doi:10.3390/polym9050162

Abstract

Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) was prepared from Jatropha curcas oil (JCO) and its alkyd resin via curing with different diamines. The isocyanate-free approach is a green chemistry route, wherein carbon dioxide conversion plays a major role in NIPU preparation. Catalytic carbon dioxide fixation can be achieved through carbonation of epoxidized derivatives of JCO. In this study, 1,3-diaminopropane (DM) and isophorone diamine (IPDA) were used as curing agents separately. Cyclic carbonate conversion was catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium bromide. After epoxy conversion, carbonated JCO (CJCO) and carbonated alkyd resin (CC-AR) with carbonate contents of 24.9 and 20.2 wt %, respectively, were obtained. The molecular weight of CJCO and CC-AR were determined by gel permeation chromatography. JCO carbonates were cured with different amine contents. CJCO was blended with different weight ratios of CC-AR to improve its characteristics. The cured NIPU film was characterized by spectroscopic techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, and a universal testing machine. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphology of the NIPU film before and after solvent treatment. The solvent effects on the NIPU film interfacial surface were investigated with water, 30% ethanol, methyl ethyl ketone, 10% HCl, 10% NaCl, and 5% NaOH. NIPU based on CCJO and CC-AR (ratio of 1:3) with IPDA crosslink exhibits high glass transition temperature (44 °C), better solvent and chemical resistance, and Young’s modulus (680 MPa) compared with the blend crosslinked with DM. Thus, this study showed that the presence of CC-AR in CJCO-based NIPU can improve the thermomechanical and chemical resistance performance of the NIPU film via a green technology approach.

Highlights

IntroductionPolymers 2017, 9, 162 polyurethane (PU) materials
Raw materials, the petroleum rate, resource depletion, and the awareness of the consumer society have increased worldwide attention on environmental issues and the growing concern for Polymers 2017, 9, 162; doi:10.3390/polym9050162 www.mdpi.com/journal/polymersPolymers 2017, 9, 162 polyurethane (PU) materials
Segments polarized segments of the. These establish segments different establishsorption differentprocesses sorption with processes with molecular species in different environments polarized molecular species insolvent different solvent environments major objective objective of this this study study is is to such as The major to optimize optimize the the reaction reaction parameters, parameters, such as temperature temperature carbonation pressure, of epoxidized epoxidized Jatropha curcas oil (JCO), JCO, to to assess assess the the thermomechanical thermomechanical properties and the the and carbonation chemical resistance resistance properties properties of of cured cured JCO films films and their blends based on Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU)

Summary

Introduction

Polymers 2017, 9, 162 polyurethane (PU) materials These issues have facilitated research on biodegradable and renewable green resources [1,2]. Compared with other renewable raw materials, vegetable oils (VOs) have attracted significant attention because of their low toxicity and environmental, regenerative, economic, and social advantages in the application of PU materials [1,3,4,5,6]. JCO has high unsaturated fatty acid content and good oxidation stability [8], which make it a suitable raw material for many non-isocyanate polyurethane industrial applications [12] such as adhesives [13,14], alkyd epoxy resins [15], food packaging [16], surface coatings [17], nanocomposites [18], etc.

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Conclusion