Abstract
Custard apple is a dry land fruit. Its leaves exhibit different pharmacological activities. In the present study, both silver (Ag) nanoparticles and chitosan-coated Ag (Chi-Ag) nanoparticles were fabricated using the aqueous leaf extract of the custard apple plant. During preliminary phytochemical analysis, various types of phytocompounds were found in the aqueous leaf extract of the same plant. Next, both nanoparticles were physiochemically characterized. FTIR analysis exhibited the fingerprint vibrational peaks of active bioactive compounds in plant extract, Ag nanoparticles, and Chi-Ag nanoparticles. UV/Visible spectral analysis revealed the highest absorbance peak at 419 nm, indicating the presence of Ag nanoparticles. XRD analysis presented the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of both prepared nanomaterials. Further, the average crystalline size of both Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles was calculated to be 23 and 74 nm, respectively. FESEM analysis showed the spherical and cubical shapes of Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles, respectively. EDS analysis indicated a peak around 3.29 keV, conforming to the binding energies of Ag ions. The biogenic nanomaterial also showed strong antibacterial activity against all tested bacterial pathogens.
Highlights
This study demonstrated the biosynthesis of custard apple’s leaf extract mediated silver, and chitosan-coated silver nanoparticles
We carried out the biogenic synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using custard apple aqueous leaf extract
The crystal size, surface morphology, elemental composition, and functional molecular analysis of prepared Ag nanoparticles and Chi-Ag nanoparticles were investigated with XRD, FESEM, EDS, and FTIR spectroscopy
Summary
The field of nanoscience has grown, and we have explored several nanomaterials in numerous biomedical, agricultural, and sensing applications [1]. Metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles play a significant role in having larger surface areas and more fractionally surface atoms because of their exceptional physicochemical properties [2–6]. Due to this, they become excellent materials for biomedical applications. Polymers form an important class of materials and are classified into three types: natural polymer, synthetic polymer, and semi-synthetic polymer Among these polymers, Chitosan is a natural amino polysaccharide having a unique structure with multidimensional properties. Chitosan is a natural amino polysaccharide having a unique structure with multidimensional properties It has a wide range of applications in the biomedical field due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, low immunogenicity, and good antimicrobial activity [7–11]. The metal nanoparticles coated with chitosan polymer into a single “hybrid” nanosystem give good physicochemical and biological properties [15–18]
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