Abstract
1,3-oxazinane is an ideal framework for advanced energetic materials because of its compact skeleton and the presence of several modifiable sites. However, investigations on characterization and performance of 1,3-oxazinane energetic compounds are extremely limited. Two heterocyclic 1,3-oxazinane molecules were synthesized under different Mannich condensation processes and further reacted to form nitro- and azide-substituted energetic compounds 3,5,5-trinitro-1,3-oxazinane (TNTON) and 5-azido-3,5-dinitro-1,3-oxazinane (ADTON), in good yields. Interestingly, the two energetic molecules showed distinct physical properties. ADTON shows an impressive glass transition temperature (Tg) as low as -46 °C with high density, which is highly suitable for rate-accelerating materials. TNTON exhibits good thermal stabilities (melting point of 89 °C and a decomposition point of 231 °C) and highly insensitive behavior (38 J, 360 N). The theoretical detonation pressure of TNTON is ca. 63 % higher than that of TNT, indicating broad application prospects in melt-cast explosives.
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