Abstract
Multiferroic (Bi1-xDyxFeO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.08, step x = 0.02) was prepared by auto-combustion method. The effect of Dysprosium substitution on the structural and optical properties of BiFeO3 was studied. XRD analysis confirmed the space group (R3c) rhombohedral perovskite structure with average crystallite size in the range of 25–56 nm. Moreover, the substitution of Dy3+ into BFO ferrite was verified by XRD. The average grain size was also estimated using SEM and TEM. FTIR showed the vibrational modes in the range 425–548 cm−1 corresponding to the stretching of Fe-O bonds. UV–vis measurements revealed lowering of bandgap for doped samples (2.51–2.23 eV). Sample (x = 0.04) showed highest saturation magnetization and retentivity. LIBS analysis showed the presence of Bi, Fe, and Dy in samples. The McWhirter criteria were used to confirm the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE). The principal component analysis in conjunction with LIBS spectra is useful to classify the materials with minute concentration variations.
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