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Abstract
An in-situ chemical oxidative method was used to effectively synthesize a promising supercapacitor material based on PPy/ZrO2 composites. The synthesized materials were characterized by different analytical techniques, such as UV/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inclusion of ZrO2 into the PPy matrix was verified by vibrational spectra and structural analyses. The (TGA) results showed that incorporating ZrO2 into the polymeric matrix improved its thermal stability. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the synthesizedmaterials were investigated byusing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The PPy/ZrO2 composite demonstrated excellent super capacitive performance, and high specific capacity of 337.83 F/g, with an exceedingly high energy density of 187.68 Wh/kg at a power density of 1000 W/kg. The composite materials maintain good stability after 1000 charge and discharge cycles, with 85% capacitance retention. The PPy/ZrO2 possesses a high capacitance, an attractive micro-morphology, and a simple synthesis method. The findings indicate that the PPy/ZrO2 composite could be a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor applications.
Highlights
Electrochemical capacitors, known as supercapacitors, are known for their ideal power storage capacity, which is achieved through rapid/reversible redox reactions and/or phase-change processes on the surface or subsurface areas of modified electrodes in various types of portable electronic equipment [1,2,3]
Different researchers synthesized nanocomposites of PPy with numerous MOs, including TiO2 [19], Fe2O3 [20], SiO2 [21], ZnO [22] and CeO2 [23], due to the large potential of conducting polymers (CPs) and polymers doped with inorganic metal oxides (MOs), which increase the performance of materials in many applications
The solid-state supercapacitor device, which is made up of as-prepared PPy/ZrO2 composite electrodes, has good specific capacitance of 337.83 F/g and a maximum energy density of 187.68 Wh/kg. These findings indicate that the PPy/ZrO2 composites could be promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitor applications, which was not previously reported
Summary
Electrochemical capacitors, known as supercapacitors, are known for their ideal power storage capacity, which is achieved through rapid/reversible redox reactions and/or phase-change processes on the surface or subsurface areas of modified electrodes in various types of portable electronic equipment [1,2,3]. Due to its advantages over its equivalents among the numerous conducting polymers (CPs), PPy performs admirably as an electrode material for the creation of supercapacitors These noteworthy advantages of PPy include promising mechanical strength, ideal specific capacity, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility [12,13,14]. Like other CPs, PPy has a number of drawbacks, such as volumetric shrinking during discharge and a decrease in cyclic stability, which could be mitigated by adding potential modifiers [15,16] Because of their rapid redox kinetics and perfect capacitance, transition metal oxides were widely employed to improve the PPy’s cyclic stability [17,18]. There is a compelling need to enhance the electrochemical characteristics of MOs and CPs [28]
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