Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical sensors application of Tb2Ti2O7 nanoparticle modified carbon paste electrode for the sensing of mefenamic acid drug in biological samples and pharmaceutical industry wastewater

Abstract

Today, in most fields, wide research has been done in the manufacture of biosensors and the detection of various types of substances, including drugs. Nevertheless, the analytical detection of drugs from a biological sample by a simple and portable method for on-site detection is still important and very challenging. This paper investigates the electrochemical determination of the mefenamic acid (MEF), with a novel carbon paste electrode modified with terbium titanate nanostructures (TTN/CPE). The effect of the capping agent on the morphology and size of terbium titanate synthesized from terbium nitrate in the presence of ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilization agent is investigated. The as-produced nanostructures are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). Electrochemical studies in optimized conditions indicate MEF has two linear responses in the range of 1.0 × 10−2–4.0 × 102 μM with a detection limit of 2.4 nM at the surface of TTN/CPE. The suggested sensor reveals good sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reproducibility and can be utilized for some important biological samples and wastewater with satisfactory results.