Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity Studies of Aminated Microcrystalline Cellulose Derivatives against Melanoma and Breast Cancer Cell Lines.

Farzana Nazir,Mudassir Iqbal

doi:10.3390/polym12112634

Abstract

Cellulose based materials are emerging in the commercial fields and high-end applications, especially in biomedicines. Aminated cellulose derivatives have been extensively used for various applications but limited data are available regarding its cytotoxicity studies for biomedical application. The aim of this study is to synthesize different 6-deoxy-amino-cellulose derivatives from Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) via tosylation and explore their cytotoxic potential against normal fibroblasts, melanoma and breast cancer. 6-deoxy-6-hydrazide Cellulose (Cell Hyd) 6-deoxy-6-diethylamide Cellulose (Cell DEA) and 6-deoxy-6-diethyltriamine Cellulose (Cell DETA) were prepared and characterized by various technologies like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), X-ray diffractogram (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), Elemental Analysis and Zeta potential measurements. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against normal fibroblasts (NIH3T3), mouse skin melanoma (B16F10), human epithelial adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-231) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines. IC50 values obtained from cytotoxicity assay and live/dead assay images analysis showed MCC was non cytotoxic while Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA exhibited noncytotoxic activity up to 200 μg/mL to normal fibroblast cells NIH3T3, suggesting its safe use in medical fields. The mouse skin melanoma (B16F10) are the most sensitive cells to the cytotoxic effects of Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA, followed by human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). Based on our study, it is suggested that aminated cellulose derivatives could be promising candidates for tissue engineering applications and in cancer inhibiting studies in future.

Highlights

Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division of abnormal cells clinically known as the malignant tumor or malignant neoplasm
MCC aminated derivatives Cell Hyd, Cell DEA and Cell DETA were successfully synthesized by tosylation intermediate with DSamination 0.40–0.43
1160–1170 and N-H peak between 3200 cm−1 . 1 HNMR confirmed the successful synthesis of cellulose derivatives

Summary

Introduction

Cancer is the uncontrolled cell division of abnormal cells clinically known as the malignant tumor or malignant neoplasm. Cancer is the second deadliest disease after heart disease, resulting in five hundred and fifty thousand deaths per year, 7.6 million in 2008 and expected to be 13.1 million by 2030 [1]. The medicinal chemistry field is always looking for the development of new anticancer therapeutics with lower toxicity and high efficiency [1]. Polymeric materials from renewable resources are widely used in medical, food, agriculture, biomedicinal and environmental studies. Natural polymers such as polysaccharides play the most efficient role in biomedical product preparation. Polysaccharides have wide molecular weight range and good number of functional groups for suitable chemical modification.

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