Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties of cis-dibromo{1,1′-di[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]-3,3′-butylenedibenzimidazol-2,2′-diylidene}palladium (II)

Abstract

Abstract An N -heterocyclic carbene palladium-based complex, cis -dibromo{1,1′-di[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]-3,3′-butylenedibenzimidazol-2,2′-diylidene}palladium(II), has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and 1 H- and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy. The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound consists of a 1,1′-di[3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl]-3,3′-butylenedibenzimidazole and two bromo ligands coordinated to a palladium atom in a distorted square-planar cis -system. Two benzoimidazole rings are connected to each other by a C 4 H 8 bridge. The substituted benzimidazole ligand forms a bidentate chelate with palladium, bonding via the carbene carbon atoms. There are two independent molecules A and B in the asymmetric unit. The Pd―Br bonds are 2.4675(14) and 2.4601(13) A, and the Pd―C carbene bonds are 1.985(9) and 1.986(9) A for molecule A. Each A and B molecule is stabilized with intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and C―H…π interactions. The palladium–carbene complex was tested as a catalyst in the direct arylation of benzothiazole with arylbromides. The most suitable reaction conditions for the direct arylation of benzothiazole with arylbromides are NMP, K 3 PO 4 , Pd–NHC and 130 °C.