Abstract
Biofuels as environmentally friendly alternative fuels such as biogasoline, biokerosene and others are generally obtained through a cracking process and take place more effectively to attend a catalyst. In this study, the synthesis of ZnO/ZSM-5 aims to obtain a catalyst that can be used in the cracking process of Palm Methyl Esters (PME) into hydrocarbon fuels especially biogasoline. This catalyst is environmentally friendly, easy to separate, has good selectivity, and can increase the conversion of cracking products. The wet impregnation method followed by drying and calcination is the method used to synthesize the catalyst. Furthermore, several analyzes were carried out to determine the characteristics of the catalyst. The analysis is the Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption-desorption with BET-BJH, Temperature Programmed Desorption-NH3 (TPD-NH3) and the Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR). Based on synthesis results obtained ZnO/ ZSM-5 catalyst with ZnO content of 11.77 wt%, 13.61 wt% and 18.22 wt%. The use of this catalyst in the cracking process can result in the conversion of liquid fuel by 88.57%, heavy hydrocarbon (8.57%) and gas product (2.86%).
Highlights
Biogasoline production has begun to be widely studied and is very appropriate as a solution to find an alternative to gasoline fuel
The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns for the three zinc oxide (ZnO)/ZSM-5 catalysts are shown in figure 1
The position indicates the cristal structure of the phase present in the ZnO/ZSM-5 catalyst
Summary
Biogasoline production has begun to be widely studied and is very appropriate as a solution to find an alternative to gasoline fuel (the result of petroleum fractionation). One catalyst that has a good performance for the cracking of triglycerides into biogasoline is the zeolite catalyst [3,4] This catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst which has many advantages because it is easy to separate, environmentally friendly [5,6,7], and does not require additives such as methanol and ethanol [1]. Another advantage is that it can control activity and selectivity. It is unfortunate that the resulting product yield is still low so that the zeolite performance is improved by developing metals. Several metal oxides (such as ZnO, NiO, CuO, PbO, MgO, and others) are applied to zeolite catalysts to determine their performance in various processes that produce biofuels [5,6,7, 22,23,24]
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