Synthesis, characterization, and application of graphene oxide/layered double hydroxide /poly acrylic acid nanocomposite (LDH-rGO-PAA NC) for tetracycline removal: A comprehensive chemometric study

Abstract

Tetracycline (TC), as the second produced and used antibiotic worldwide, is difficult to be entirely metabolized not only in the body, but also in the treatment processes of water and/or wastewater. Therefore, special attention needs to be paid on defining or developing new options for removing such contaminant. Herein, a reduced graphene oxide (GO) was integrated with Ni–Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) as well poly acrylic acid (LDH-rGO-PAA) and examined to reduce TC –as a model antibiotic-in water media under different operational parameters of TC initial concentration, pH, NC dose, and time. The governed behaviour in the adsorption process was investigated using three model methods of response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and general regression neural network (GRNN) after confirming the physico-chemical properties of LDH-rGO-PAA nanocomposite (NC) using different techniques. The LDH-rGO-PAA NC displayed a good performance as either removal efficiency (R = 94.87 ± 0.25%) or adsorption capacity (qe = 887.5 mg/g) with the respective values of 110 mg/L, 6.3, 20 mg, and 18.50 min for the mentioned factors (TC initial concentration, pH, NC dose, and time, respectively), which was higher than that of reported for the similar adsorbents until now.