Abstract
Three new Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(dmb)2(ipad)](ClO4)2 (dmb = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, ipad = 2-(anthracene-9,10-dione-2-yl) imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline, 1), [Ru(dmp)2(ipad)](ClO4)2 (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 2), and [Ru(dip)2(ipad)](ClO4)2 (dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, 3), have been synthesized and characterized. The three Ru(II) complexes intercalate with the base pairs of DNA. The in vitro antiproliferative activities and apoptosis-inducing characteristics of these complexes were investigated. The complexes exhibited cytotoxicity against various human cancer cell lines. BEL-7402 cells displayed the highest sensitivity to 1, accounted for by the greatest cellular uptake. Complex 1 was shown to accumulate preferentially in the nuclei of BEL-7402 cells and cause DNA damage and induce apoptosis, which involved cell cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species generation.
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