Abstract
Fluoroquinolones, a class of synthetic antibacterial agents, have gained significant attention due to their broad-spectrum activity against various bacterial pathogens. However, the emergence of resistance to conventional fluoroquinolones underscores the necessity for novel derivatives with enhanced efficacy and reduced resistance profiles. The synthesis of fluoroquinolone derivatives involves structural modifications aimed at improving antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetic properties, and minimizing adverse effects. Various synthetic routes, including modification of the quinolone core structure, substitution of fluorine atoms, and introduction of diverse functional groups, have been explored to tailor the properties of these derivatives. Characterization techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (IR) has been employed to elucidate the chemical structures and confirm the purity of synthesized compounds. Biological evaluation encompasses in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and pharmacological profiles of fluoroquinolone derivatives. These evaluations provide crucial insights into the therapeutic potential, mechanism of action, and safety profile of novel compounds.
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