Synthesis, cannabinoid receptor activity, and enzymatic stability of reversed amide derivatives of arachidonoyl ethanolamide

Abstract

Retroanandamide ( 2f) and its 10 analogues ( 1a– e, 2a– e) were synthesized and evaluated for the cannabinoid receptor activation by a [ 35S]GTPγS binding assay using rat cerebellar membranes, and Chinese hamster ovary cell membranes expressing human CB2 receptors. The primary goal of the study was to develop cannabinoid receptor agonists having improved enzymatic stability compared to endogenous N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA). Furthermore, by reversing the amide bond of AEA, the formation of arachidonic acid would be prevented. Finally, an effect of the carbonyl carbon position on the cannabinoid receptor activity was explored by synthesizing retroanandamide analogues having different chain lengths ( 1a– e, C 19; 2a– f, C 20). All the synthesized compounds, except 2c, behaved as partial agonists for the both cannabinoid receptors. In rat brain homogenate, the reversed amides possessed significantly higher stability against FAAH induced degradation than AEA. Therefore, the reversed amide analogues of AEA may serve as enzymatically stable structural basis for the drug design based on the endogenous cannabinoids.